Relationships in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire :: Streetcar Named Desire

Relationships in A Streetcar Named Desire  Ã‚     In many modern day relationships between a man and a woman, there is usually a controlling figure that is dominant over the other. It may be women over man, man over women, or in what the true definition of a marriage is an equal partnership. In the play A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Stanley is clearly the more dominant figure over Stella. Throughout the play there are numerous examples of the power he possesses of her. Williams portrays Stella as a little girl who lives around in Stanley’s world. She does what he wants, takes his abuse yet still loves him. Situations likes these may have occurred in the 1950’s and lasted, but in today’s time this would only end up in a quick divorce.   The first scene of the play (pg. 14) Stanley has just thrown a piece of meat up to Stella as he turns the corner heading for the bowling ally. He makes no motion to stop, run up the stairs and explain to his wife what’s going on, similar to what would occur in an equal relationship. Instead he continues down the street like a boy with no responsibilities. Stella yells, â€Å"Where are you going,† and then asks if she could come to watch, he agrees but doesn’t stop to wait for her. This scene demonstrates how Stella follows Stanley along, and serves him according to what he wishes to do and when he wants to do it.   In scene three Stanley is having his poker party (pg. 57). At this point he is very drunk. Blanche distracting Stanley by listening to the radio instigates him to grab it off the table and toss it out the window. Stella in a state of panic tells everyone to go home which angers Stanley so he chases after her and hits her. This type of behavior is not normal of any human being involved in any relationship. Stanley repeatedly gets what he wants by use of any means possible. In addition the person whoever threatens the existence of his poker game receives a beating, in this case his wife.   This scene demonstrates Stanley’s viscous animal like traits with such violence. If what happened here was repeated in today’s society he would find himself in a jail cell with a pending divorce. During the last scene of the play (pg.

Cultural Misunderstandings Essay

Are you drinking plenty of fluids? Patient thoughts: I wonder why he is asking me that, what it is with these people and water I don’t like the water here. It’s too cold. I don’t know what’s wrong with people here that they drink that. Really And what happens when you drink the cold water? Patients thoughts: What does he mean, what happens? Everyone knows that drinking cold water is not good for you. Maybe I should see a different doctor. I hate cold water; I put it in the microwave to heat it up before I can drink it. In this case, the cultural misunderstanding occurred when the doctor failed to understand that some cultures learn and believe from an early age that drinking cold water can be detrimental to the body and they are discouraged from drinking it (Fauzi, 2008). This resulted in the patient becoming dehydrated because he was hesitant to drink the tap water as it was much cooler that they were used to. The patient found it inconvenient or impossible to heat water up at work or at school where there was no access to a microwave, so he just didn’t drink at all. Even without this knowledge, the doctor could go on to make suggestions of other liquids besides cold water that he could substitute to keep him well hydrated. However, knowing this information could have prevented him from making the patient feel awkward or uncomfortable. These misunderstandings cross over into the psychotherapeutic process as well. Misunderstandings happen from many reasons including but not limited to a lack of cultural knowledge, and inability or desire to see and understand differences in others as well as in ourselves. Specific clinicians, known as Universalist clinicians tackle these issues under the pretense that these cultural differences should remain out of the spotlight when it comes to psychotherapy. They believe in highlighting similarities rather than differences and feel that if general factors are present, therapy will have a positive outcome regardless of ethnicity, context or race. They basically choose to overlook the cultural differences. One the other side of the fence we have Particularist clinicians , which in sharp contrast to the universalists believe that cultural differences have a significant impact on individual experiences. They feel that these factors strongly determine how people define themselves as well as how they relate to others (Marcos, 1979). They view these differences as insurmountable obstacles and recommend that clients seek out therapists of their own cultural background in order to be successful in treatment. The type of clinician, known as the trancendist clinician, recognizes the importance of bringing cultural differences to the forefront and developing specific plans of action to do so. From their perspective it is felt that these differences can be â€Å"transcended†, or simply put, that clinicians can develop cultural competencies allowing them to effectively provide treatment strategies to clients from many different backgrounds other than their own (Angelou, 2012). It’s pretty clear that psychotherapy today adheres to a more trancendist perspective when developing and working through treatment plans for clients with diverse cultural backgrounds. There are several recommendations on how to effectively address culturally diverse clients. First , clinicians and professionals should view cultural differences as dynamic, complex, and subjective There are some very obvious characteristics such as accents , color of skin, or socioeconomic status that can be immediately categorized as culturally different, but the how they are interpreted or what these  differences mean are subjective. Beyond this , cultural differences are very complex , including a multitude of variables ( age , gender, language, religion, education level ) and it is crucial to consider all these factors when determining how they come together to define someone’s identity. Finally, perceptions of the therapist as well as the client are what constitute cultural differences as dynamic as opposed to static. As therapist and client progress through treatment what was once considered a cultural difference may fade into the background as other issues and factors come to the surface (Angelou, 2012). In this respect , therapist are encouraged to constantly explore how meanings can change , rather than operate on the pretense that once the cultural difference is defined and understood , that it is no longer necessary to explore. Another way to reduce cultural misunderstandings is to address similarities before discussing cultural differences. Clients and therapist may not only differ on many cultural attributes, but may also share some of those cultural characteristics. A helpful approach would be to identify commonalities before delving into the differences. This could be extremely beneficial to the client, and the therapist’s knowledge of similarities may help reduce a client anxiety or ambivalence. It also serves to build rapport, making the client feel more secure and accepting about sharing information and getting to the root of underlying issues. Cultural differences should be addressed as assets. Unfortunately many people from culturally diverse backgrounds have experienced how the majority misconstrues their differences as deficits. In the U.S. alone , members of a non dominant groups , such as anything but Caucasian, homosexual, disabled, non Christian, and female to cite a few, are often viewed as deficient, whereas male heterosexual white Christians are viewed in a more favorable light. Whenever possible, clinicians should make attempts to study how these differences relate to the client’s strengths, rather than perceiving them as weaknesses. Many of us value differences and consider them assets; however this is sometimes a harder message to convey during therapy considering the way that people view differences from dominant groups as a problem. Although there are many different ways to address the issue of reducing cultural misunderstandings, the last one I will identify may be the most important. It is imperative to have a well versed, culturally competent therapist. There are three common dimensions to this. First and most obvious, the therapist attitude and beliefs about cultural different individuals set the stage for the success of the psychotherapy. Clinicians should deeply explore their feelings about prejudices and cultural biases before attempting to move forward with the treatment of a culturally diverse client. There are many different avenues a therapist can take to become more culturally competent such as reading and education, seeking out advice or supervision from more culturally competent colleagues, attending cultural events and exposing one’s self to people of different cultures. A willingness as well as a genuine desire to learn about different cultures is important as well as the understanding tha t this learning can be a lifelong process. References Angelou, M. (2012). Addressing cultural differences in the psychotheraputic process . Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/50449_ch_4.pdf Fauzi, S. (2008). Doctor meets patient: The effect of cultural memory on the medical interview. Retrieved from http://www.uta.edu/modl/cultural-constructions/200705/html/fauzi.html Marcos, L. R. (1979). Effects of interpreters on the evaluation of psychotherapy in non-English-speaking patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 171-174.

Eschatology of Priesthood Essay

â€Å"Through the sacred ordination and mission which they receive from the bishops, priests are promoted to the service of Christ the Teacher, Priest and King; they are given a share in his ministry, through which the Church here on earth is being ceaselessly built up into the People of God, Christ’s Body and Temple of the Holy Spirit oriented to Eternal life. † (PO, #1) The Eschatological Value of the Priesthood  Basically, this is all about ministerial priesthood- that office set apart to offer sacrifice and mediate between God and human beings, to act in the person of Jesus Christ as the Head and serve as God’s mouthpiece to proclaim His good intention to humanity. But more than being on the â€Å"ideal† side, priesthood is first and foremost oriented to service. â€Å"That office†¦ which the Lord committed to the pastors of his people, is, in the strict sense of the term, a service, which is called very expressively in sacred scripture a diakonia or ministry† (LG, #24). Priesthood is a ministry of service, both to the common priesthood and to Christ the â€Å"great high priest†. Servant of the People towards God The ordained ministry is always at the service of the common priesthood. â€Å"It guarantees that it really is Christ who acts in the sacraments through the Holy Spirit for the Church. The saving mission entrusted by the Father to His incarnate Son was committed to the apostles and through them to their successors: they receive the Spirit of Jesus to act in his name and in his person†. (CCC, # 1120). Priests are servants of the Church to foster its one and ultimate end. That is, to continue Jesus’ mission here on earth. They bring people back to God- for them to attain salvation and later on be partakers of the heavenly homeland. They serve God’s flock by continuously nourishing their faith so that the people may not go astray and later on find their fulfilment in union with their creator. Through means of sanctifications, the priests are giving the people necessary hope so that they could aspire to that divine promise of Jesus that we will be with Him in Paradise. Priesthood is a lift of everyone’s faith for us to attain eternal life- that is God’s promise to us (Psalm 15). So all these is oriented towards bringing people towards God; in the same way, priesthood is also instrumental of bringing people away from sin and to all destructions that keeps us away from heaven. Upon denouncing the call to sin and embracing the almighty power of God through their everyday life, the people have that fair chance of being with God, which is the primary end of every man. â€Å"Man is created by God and for God; and God never ceases to draw man to Himself. Only in God will he find truth and happiness he never stops searching for†. (CCC, #27). Servant of Christ Towards People  Priesthood finds its fulfilment in Jesus Christ, the God who mediates between God and man. â€Å"The priesthood of Christ is made present in the ministerial priesthood†¦ Only Christ is the true priest, the others being only His ministers† (CCC, #1545). From this sense, priests are made only sharers of that divine task of sanctifying the people for them to be one with God. For us to attain salvation and later on be sharers of the divine state, we need Christ to help us attain that position. So on the part of the priests, they are helping Jesus to carry out His mission here on earth- to bring us closer to God. Priests are co-workers of God. They are handmaids of God to carry out God’s loving plan. Priests are fully dependent on Christ’s priesthood, who is the â€Å"eternal high priest† (Hebrew 5:10; cf. 6:20; Gen. 14:18). Priesthood is directed at unfolding of the baptismal grace of all Christians, gifts of the Lord to us. Priests are helpers of the Lord to His vineyard, so that in the end we may all partake the heavenly fruit of God’s labour. Priests are servants of Christ, first of all, to bring people to heaven. Priest as Mediator: Servant of God and Man Through the priestly ministry, a man can serve God and His people in the noblest form. Priests serve the Church, as a stable union of human beings with a view to attaining an end by action pursued in common. And one with the Church, priesthood is the Church’s primordial asset. Priesthood is representing that we come to experience God’s saving presence, and so find our lives transformed so that we could attain salvation and in the end enter the heavenly Jerusalem. As a mediator, â€Å"every priest is called to be, above all, a man of prayer- to pray for God’s people. By his mission, he is a hearer of the Word of God; he treasures it up in his heart and ponders it. He has made the purpose of his life to be an adorer of God in spirit and in truth, and to help all the priestly people of God to abide in the Word of the Lord, to pray and to find a synthesis between faith and life, to the honour and glory of God† (Bernard H? ring’s Meditation on the Sacrament of the Holy Orders). He made known God’s saving presence. When God and man meet- that is heaven. And that encounter is the main goal of a priest, to bridge the gap between God and man. Though he himself is both limited and sinful, a priest is entrusted by that wonderful task to establish unity. Salus Animarum- that is every man’s goal, a priest is a servant of that goal so that in the end, he may attain his personal salvation. Priesthood is not a guarantee of heaven; rather, it is a humble way towards it. Priesthood is indeed, mediation of God and Man. It builds the communication. It forges the encounter. It is always oriented for the good of man and of God so that all, in the end find its final destiny- to be with each other. That is the eschatological value of being a priest- to help God find His lost sons and to help His sons to find the way to God again.

Herbal Medicine: Echinacea and Kava Essay

The use of herbal medicine and remedies as opposed to traditional prescription medications is becoming increasingly popular among doctors, therapists, and patients. Many herbs, whether administered in the form of tea, capsules, or simply eaten, have been proven to ease various pains and ailments; and when taken on a daily basis, there are herbs that help maintain overall health and wellbeing (Meuninck, 2008, p. 4). Studies have shown that two herbs in particular, Echinacea and kava, have been effective in treating a series of symptoms including anxiety and depression, headaches, and fibromyalgia (Mindell & Hopkins, 2009, p. 219). The use of these herbs benefits doctors and patients alike, as they offer an alternative treatment to symptoms that many people experience on a regular basis. Echinacea can be commonly found in beauty products, diet supplements, and herbal teas. Due to its ability to balance and maintain the immune system, some people take Echinacea in one form or another every day (Watson & Preedy, 2008, p.  687). This herb, in fact, is among the most popular and widely used dietary supplements in the United States, with people taking Echinacea or a type of derivative from the plant. According to the Southern Medical Journal, Echinacea today is used mostly to treat and prevent upper respiratory tract infection, or URI, which includes the influenza and the common cold—illnesses that account for 40% of the time that Americans lose from work and 30% of the time they call in sick from school (Islam & Carter, 2005, p.  311). It is evident that this particular herb can be used for the treatment of a specific temporary ailment as well as in a preventative manner. As soon as a person feels as if they have a cold coming on, they are advised to begin taking the herb orally in order to combat the spread and onset of the cold or flu virus. Echinacea has scientifically been proven to possess many anti-inflammatory properties, which explains its effectiveness at fighting respiratory problems (Zili et al. , 2007, p. 232). This herb, however, is not only beneficial in terms of warding off common cold symptoms. It has also been able to ease pain and discomfort associated with other diseases as well. First, it is crucial to understand that Echinacea can be an extremely powerful herb that may be used to fight different forms of bacteria, which is why it is used so often when a person has a cold or flu virus. A Canadian study observed six Echinacea extracts that are currently sold commercially, and the effect that those extracts had on 15 human pathogenic bacteria as well as two pathogenic fungi. Five bacteria were especially sensitive to the Echinacea extracts—Streptococcus pyogenes, Legionella pneumophila, Haemophilus influenzae, Propionibacterium acne, and Clostridium difficile—which indicated that the herb did have a significant effect in fighting certain forms of bacteria, such as that which causes strep throat (Sharma et al. , 2008, p. 111). Many factors were taken into consideration, such as the effect of light on the bacteria and fungi, as well as the forms and preparations of the different extracts; and this greatly reduced any assumptions made. This study was quite thorough, although it was limited by the number of extracts, bacteria, and fungi that they were able to test. With the samples they did test, however, they were able to conclude that â€Å"†¦certain preparations of Echinacea†¦ could provide useful protection or symptom alleviation in cases of pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and various cutaneous lesions, including acne vulgaris, [and] wound infections†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sharma et al. , 2008, p. 115). Another study outlined in the Journal of Women’s Health also conducted a survey to determine how many women with fibromyalgia turned to herbal treatment as opposed to other forms of medicine. The assumptions were that women were taking herbs because they worked, and not because they were left with no other alternative—that is, fibromyalgia is quite complicated and there are very few medications that can alleviate the pain. The test subjects therefore could have been turning to herbs like Echinacea as a last resort as opposed to taking the herb because it actually helped with their discomfort. Additionally, the limitations of this study are that the group of subjects was not randomly selected, and the results were entirely self-reported. At the end of the study, it was concluded that women with Fibromyalgia were likely to take herbal supplements and use herbal remedies in order to treat the several symptoms associated with their condition (Shaver et al. , 2009, p. 716). This shows Echinacea’s applicability to a wide range of illnesses and symptoms, and how it can be used by naturopaths and other doctors in the treatment of their patients as opposed to over-the-counter medications. Unlike Echinacea, kava is an herb that has received mixed reviews in terms of the safety of its use. Kava is an anxiolytic drug that has been used for hundreds of years by people in the Pacific Islands, yet it is currently banned in the United Kingdom (Ernst, 2007, p. 415). When used in large quantities, it has been shown to have toxic effect on one’s liver; but when administered in safe doses, there are many people who swear by its healing benefits. The Pacific Islanders have been known to use kava as a sedative, a hypnotic, and aphrodisiac, an antiseptic, and a diuretic. Kava has also been popular in Germany, where people use various kava products for the treatment of anxiety, restlessness, and abdominal discomfort (Richardson & Henderson, 2007, p. 418). One of the greatest benefits of kava use, however, is for the treatment of anxiety and depression—especially since those disorders, while mental, can result in serious physical symptoms. An Australian study sought to determine the mental effects of kava by studying a random group of 28 adults suffering from major depressive disorder and anxiety. Assumptions included the test group not taking additional anti-depressants on the side, and that the small dose of kava would be enough to take effect. This study was also limited by the mix of kava with St. John’s Wort (Sarris et al. , 2009, p. 41). Rather than it being administered in a pure form, it was more of an herbal cocktail. Both, a placebo and a kava supplement were administered for four weeks each. At the end of the study, the majority of those in the study group reported having a reduced feeling of depression after taking the kava rather than the placebo. Although they did not report their quality of life or level of anxiety as being significantly improved, it is clear that their overall state of depression was affected by the kava. Regardless of the fact that some professionals believe kava to be dangerous and toxic, its long history in Pacific Island culture far outweighs its risks (Sarris & Kavanagh, 2009, p. 828). Kava has been one of the ways in which many islanders have been able to maintain mental and emotional balance and fight depression without the use of anti-depressants, which are typically linked to dangerous side effects. Consider some of the physical symptoms of depression and anxiety—migraines, muscle tension, and widespread aches and pains. With kava’s abilities to aid in one’s state of depression, people can benefit from the plant’s positive effects on pain in general. So long as it is administered in proper doses, as they do in the Pacific Islands, kava provides people with another option to treat depression and any other symptoms that may be caused by tension or emotional imbalance. Although herbs alone cannot cure all forms of disease or discomfort, these studies illustrates how Echinacea and kava both possess health benefits that may help with several symptoms and disorders. Herbs such as kava may be disputed for their levels of potential toxicity, but many prescriptions pills can prove to be just as dangerous or even more so. Regardless of whether Echinacea or kava can necessarily cure a certain illness, they provide patients and doctors with another option—a natural approach to relieving pain or sickness, as opposed to over-the-counter medications.

Bottling it Through Not ''Bottling it '' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bottling it Through Not ''Bottling it '' - Essay Example Through the analysis of the case study of Ecobot, this paper will highlight how a negative culture can affect an organization adversely. Moreover, it will analyze the steps that an organization can adopt in changing culture, and enumerate the effects of adopting a positive culture. Four Main Types of Culture Charles Handy described four types of culture that are common in many organizations. A culture is an important aspect in determining the efficiency of an organization. Culture denotes all the norms, beliefs, practices, rules, values and ideals that an organization esteems and holds. A culture helps an organization get its activities going. Each organization has a unique culture that works best for it. Some organizations may have multiple sets of cultures evident in their behavior. Cultures may exert positive or negative effects on an organization depending on the practices, belief systems, and behavioral patterns of the culture. One of the main types that Handy described is the r ole culture (Bhattacharyya, 2010:58). In this culture, each employee in an organization has a title that describes his or her job. The basis of this culture is the fact that an organization comprises a set of various roles that must exhibit logic and ascertain that the activities of the organization run efficiently. Each individual in the organization has a set of job responsibilities and requirements that define the company’s expectations from the individual. It is worth noting that these responsibilities match the field of expertise of the individual. Within the role culture, communication occurs via memoranda that address each of the job titles. Role cultures require effective management and clear-cut definitions of what the organization expects from a job title and job evaluation. Moreover, this culture presents a situation whereby the level of authority depends on the current job titles. The second type of culture is the task culture. This involves the formation of focus groups that comprises members with certain talents and resources. The organization assigns a task or project to each of the focus groups. This type of culture requires that the team function closely, handling the problems in their project and easing the difficulties that are beyond individual scope (Bhattacharyya, 2010:58). The focus groups often have team leaders rather than managers. Although it proves quite expensive, it can produce remarkable results if there is cooperation in each team. In this culture, the organization pays a high level of attention to its tasks. The third main culture that Handy described is the person culture. In this culture, organizational terms may not come into use. On the contrary, this culture comprises professionals working as individuals. These individuals have a lot of experience and expertise and the organization addresses them in accordance with the level of expertise. An administration team serves the professionals making their work easier. For these professionals to take up a certain task, persuasion, bargaining and influencing are the key approaches used as opposed to management in other cultures. The fourth type of the culture described by Handy is the power culture that operates in a centralized mechanism. Its metaphorical representation is in the form of a spider’s web. This translates to the fact that those closest to the core of the culture have a higher level of influence. Moreover, the boss of the organization finds a way of influencing the views of the workers

Zara Company Business Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zara Company Business Model - Essay Example Gap Inc. commonly known as Gap is a multi-national clothing and accessories retailer in America. Its headquarters is currently in San Francisco, California. However, it also has some of its design offices London, San Francisco and London. The company’s brand name is Gap, and it sells clothing to all groups of people ranging from males, females, and children. It operates five principal divisions namely; Banana Republic, Piperlime, the namesake banner, Athleta, and Old Navy. It has outsourced its production to China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, among others. Additionally, some of its products are also manufactured in Central America. Some of its strengths that have enabled it to remain relevant in the market include; brand recognition, multiple stores worldwide, segmented markets, product utility, among others (Maheshwari, 2012). However, it failed to acknowledge the importance of its customers by paying lots of attention to its expansion strategies, instead of meeting the customer needs. It is a fact that expansion strategies can only be successful when apposite research is done. Concentrating on expansion strategies is correct for several stores only when they have a strong foothold in the market, or when their customers are extremely loyal. However, these two fundamental factors were not present in Gap’s case. Gap focused on expanding its stores by cutting expenditures in some areas of the company. This resulted in the loss of the company’s core values, goals, and objectives.... Concentrating on expansion strategies is correct for several stores only when they have a strong foothold in the market, or when their customers are extremely loyal. However, these two fundamental factors were not present in Gap’s case. Gap focused on expanding its stores by cutting expenditures in some areas of the company. This resulted in the loss of the company’s core values, goals and objectives (Moin, 2011). In the long run, its competitors such as TJX, Ross Stores, Wal-Mart, just to mention but a few moved into the industry; thus, grasping a strong prominence. Additionally, these retailers were smaller compared to Gap; thus, they did not find difficulties in keeping up with the changing needs of the industry. Gap Inc. inability to quickly respond to the changes in the industry led to a decline in its sales and dividends. Disruptive Business Model Disruptive business model refers to a business idea that is extremely different from the way business is normally cond ucted. Therefore, it contributes to total interruption of the entire industry leading to market revolution, and not the customary market evolution. This type of business model normally leads immense tectonic shifts in the behavior of customers, market upheavals, as well as change of the market share as innovators of the novel disruptive model roll out the revolutionary service or product. An example of this model was demonstrated by Dell through its direct-to-consumer retail model opposing the archetypal retail store front. Dell’s new model served customers at a fairly cheap price and it put in place the most current components effectively compared to the archetypal store-front retailers. After five years of its existence, several store-based

Behavioral Psychology Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Behavioral Psychology Assignment - Essay Example Eating a lot of food and healthy quantities of vitamin-enriched food can lead to quicker and more complete development in a baby. For example, eating foods that are high in fat increases the development of the myelin sheath in neurons, which prevents degenerative neurological conditions. The nicotine in cigarettes can cause birth defects as well as lead to a premature birth of an undeveloped baby. 3. Many childhood and developmental psychologists acknowledge that children are always learning through observation. Children see actions performed and then integrate them into their personality. This can be proved using the famous Bobo doll experiment conducted by Bandura, which showed that aggressive behavior can be learned through observation. 4. The first stage is trust vs. mistrust, which occurs during infancy. Here the biggest hurdle to overcome is establishing the trusting relationship with the caregivers. The second stage is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. Here the main source of anxi ety is learning to become self-sufficient or being forced to rely on others. The third stage is Initiative vs. Guilt. This is when the initial development of a consciousness starts with the fundamental question of whether one is good or evil. The fourth stage is Industry vs. Inferiority. Here, one focuses on what can they do in order to be a successful member in society. The fifth stage is Identity vs. Role Confusion. This is where the main neuroticism of self starts in that a person must establish one’s identity. After overcoming this stage, they enter the sixth stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation in that they enter a stage dominated by the searching for acceptance and relationships. In the seventh stage, Generativity vs. Stagnation, one looks back and says what do I have to provide for something of value for society. The last stage is Ego Integrity vs. Despair. In this, the main question is based on looking back on one’s life and asking themselves if they accomplished wh at they wanted. 5. In college, a student must become more independent and aware of one’s own finances. Being considered an adult, they must learn how to function and prioritize the usage of funds. In terms of personal development and social development, they are both interconnected in that friends will form the primary network of support. Therefore, the development of the individual is based on a collective scale. 6. The first need is that of physiological needs. In domestic violence, this is maintaining oneself as far as keeping away from injury and promoting good health. The second need is safety and that the person must feel safe both in a physical sense and in a psychological sense. The third need is through love/belonging. Having a good social support and feeling loved is essential in maintaining psychological congruence. The fourth need is self-esteem in that the person must feel confident in himself or herself. The last level is self-actualization and requires the pers on to transcend the fact they have experienced domestic violence and gain new insight from the experience. 7. Industrial psychologists operate on operant conditioning, which comes from transactional leadership principles. The uses of reinforcements are used to increase a desired result and the uses of punishment in order to make sure things are done in a proper manner. 8. Syphillis is a bacterial infection that is a sexually transmitted disease, which spreads as a result of contact