Banning Progress in the World of Swimming

Restricting Progress in the World of Swimming Picture an adolescent who focused on a game nearly as long as he can remember, went to each training and dry-land instructional course for some continuous years and asked his folks to get him a 600 dollar polyurethane bathing suit just to be to some degree like the scandalous Micheal Phelps, Ryan Lochte, or Jason Lezak. Presently picture a similar child being informed that he can no longer wear that Âtechnicalâ suit at any swim meets and that he needs to depend on the crude Âjammersâ bathing suit, which has not been utilized in the Olympics since 2004. This all sounds strange; notwithstanding, it is absurdly true.At the yearly 2009 Convention of USA Swimming Delegates, speaking to clubs from every one of the 50 expresses, a staggering vote had been thrown for early execution of a restriction on innovative bathing suits. Just to follow in not so distant future, that is on Jan first of 2010, will be a similar reaction from the NCAA, FINA, and various secondary school swimming assoc iations, including New Yorks PSAL.English: Ryan Lochte during 2008 Olympic Trials (O...The USA Swimming boycott will produce results on October first, 2009 and will discard the fantasies of incalculable adolescents, hard-earned cash of endless guardians, and make progress toward advancements in the realm of serious swimming all into the bin.If an individual works his heart out both genuinely and intellectually so as to accomplish a specific objective, shouldnt he be given indistinguishable open doors from the individuals who previously accomplished that objective? A run of the mill secondary school youngster who is a piece of a USA swimming club outside of school normally spends and normal of twenty hours in the pool week after week. Finishing exercises that aggregate more than 5 miles day by day, which is more that most people walk, the high schooler who experiences such mental and physical pressure is uncontrovertibly decided toward accomplishing a specific objective. On the off c hance that any sort of disturbance is...

First Chapter of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay exampl

First Chapter of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ is a novella, short novel, which was distributed in the Victorian period. It has a gothic secret story sort and has a baffling, genuine tone. The general novella is set in London. This exposition will break down how the writer catches the reader’s intrigue what's more, presents the key thoughts in part 1 of ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.’ This exposition will assess how the creator, Robert Louis Stevenson, utilizes diverse language, how RL Stevenson employments symbolism, structure and structure, and the settings to catch the reader’s intrigue. The key thoughts in section 1 of ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ are: duality of human instinct, mammoth in man and notoriety. When ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ was composed it was accepted that individuals had two distinct characters, or otherwise called ones Doppelgã ¤nger. This falls under the segment of duality of human nature. Notoriety was essential to individuals provided that somebody lost it they would think that its difficult to get it back. RL Stevenson was conceived in Edinburgh, Scotland, and had a wiped out youth. He was a lone kid and his folks were trusting large things from him. Stevenson voyaged a great deal in his life and was frequently sick. In 1885 Stevenson composed ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde,’ however it wasn’t distributed until January of 1886. This article will initially cover how RL Stevenson caught the reader’s enthusiasm utilizing the abstract gadgets, language, symbolism, structure and structure, and setting. The language area will break down the environment, sentence structure, analogies, comparisons and representation. The symbolism area covers theme, images and Victoria... ...own and regularly printed,† and as you discover toward the end in the novella this was Jekyll’s name on the check. This would make the peruser need to peruse, to perceive how Hyde got this check with another keeps an eye on name on it. This article title was replied by first covering the abstract gadgets utilized in section 1 of, ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde,’ these artistic gadgets were language, symbolism, settings and structure what's more, structure. The second piece of this article shrouded the key thoughts in presented in section 1; the key thoughts utilized were duality of human nature, notoriety and mammoth in man. this is an incredible novella with an awesome wind toward the end, yet the issue for the advanced peruser is that as this novella is so well referred to, they can't peruse it as a secret, as they definitely know Jekyll also, Hyde are a similar individual. It is a riddle story that is no more a secret.

DSM-5 PTSD Diagnostic Criteria

DSM-5 PTSD Diagnostic Criteria PTSD Diagnosis Print DSM-5 PTSD Diagnostic Criteria By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 07, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 07, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children PeopleImages / E+ / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Criterion A Criterion B Criterion C Criterion D Criterion E Criterion F Criterion G Criterion H DSM-5 PTSD Diagnosis How DSM-5 Changed View All The criteria for diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the fifth edition of the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  (DSM-5) are somewhat different than the criteria in the fourth edition. Here are the symptom criteria in the DSM-5.?? Criterion A You were exposed to one or more event(s) that involved death or threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or threatened sexual violation. In addition, these events were experienced in one or more of the following ways: You experienced the eventYou witnessed the event as it occurred to someone elseYou learned about an event where a close relative or friend experienced an actual or threatened violent or accidental deathYou experienced repeated exposure to distressing details of an event, such as a police officer repeatedly hearing details about child sexual abuse?? How Traumatic Events Cause PTSD Criterion B You experience at least one of the following intrusive symptoms associated with the traumatic event: Unexpected or expected reoccurring, involuntary, and intrusive upsetting memories of the traumatic eventRepeated upsetting dreams where the content of the dreams is related to the traumatic eventThe experience of some type of dissociation (for example, flashbacks) where you feel as though the traumatic event is happening again??Strong and persistent distress upon exposure to cues that are either inside or outside of your body that is connected to your traumatic eventStrong bodily reactions (for example, increased heart rate) upon exposure to a reminder of the traumatic event Definition of Dissociation for People With PTSD Criterion C Frequent avoidance of reminders associated with the traumatic event, as demonstrated by one of the following: Avoidance of thoughts, feelings, or physical sensations that bring up memories of the traumatic event??Avoidance of people, places, conversations, activities, objects, or situations that bring up memories of the traumatic event How to Anticipate and Manage PTSD Intrusive Thoughts Criterion D At least two of the following negative changes in thoughts and mood that occurred or worsened following the experience of the traumatic event: The inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic eventPersistent and elevated negative evaluations about yourself, others, or the world (for example, I am unlovable, or The world is an evil place)Elevated self-blame or blame of others about the cause or consequence of a traumatic event??A negative emotional state (for example, shame, anger, or fear) that is pervasiveLoss of interest in activities that you used to enjoyFeeling detached from othersThe inability to experience positive emotions (for example, happiness, love, joy) The Relationship Between PTSD and Depression Criterion E At least two of the following changes in arousal that started or worsened following the experience of a traumatic event: Irritability or aggressive behaviorImpulsive or self-destructive behavior??Feeling constantly on guard or like danger is lurking around every corner (or hypervigilance)Heightened startle responseDifficulty concentratingProblems sleeping Hypervigilance as a Symptom of PTSD Criterion F The above symptoms last for more than one month. Criterion G The symptoms bring about considerable distress and/or interfere greatly with a number of different areas of your life. Criterion H The symptoms are not due to a medical condition or some form of substance use.?? DSM-5 PTSD Diagnosis In order to be diagnosed with PTSD according to the DSM-5, you need to meet the following: Criterion AOne symptom (or more) from Criterion BOne symptom (or more) from Criterion CTwo symptoms (or more) from Criterion DTwo symptoms (or more) from Criterion ECriteria F through H How DSM-5 Changed The biggest change in the DSM-5 is removing PTSD from the category of anxiety disorders and putting it in a classification called Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders.?? Other key changes include: More clearly defining what kind of events are considered traumatic in Criterion AAdding different types of exposure in Criterion AIncreasing the number of symptom groups from three to four by separating avoidance symptoms into their own group (Criterion C)Changing the wording of some of the symptoms from DSM-IVAdding a new set of criteria for children aged 6 or youngerEliminating the acute and chronic phasesIntroducing a new specifier called dissociative features?? You can review the rationale behind these changes, as well as look at other changes in the DSM-5, at the website for the  American Psychiatric Association  (APA). An Overview of PTSD

Essay on Urban Legend of Car Headlights - 1480 Words

Lights Out In preparation for this writing assignment, I interviewed about 15 students at the University to collect their urban legends. One legend, often called â€Å"Lights Out,† was mentioned by just about all of the students I interviewed. Those who did not mention it on their own recognized it when I described it. I interviewed a 19-year-old male sophomore who anticipates getting into the School of Business. He transferred from Community College this past fall, and currently lives with a relative in a nearby off-campus home. He went to a small Catholic high school. He recalls first hearing this legend early in high school, probably between freshman and sophomore year. After telling him the purpose of the interview, I began the†¦show more content†¦Afterward, I asked him if he or anyone he knew had ever tried this before. He said, â€Å"I have (pause)†¦ I didn’t die (pause)†¦ that time (smile).† The way he smiled at the end of his performance re-established his normal disposition and alerted me that his serious tone earlier was just part of the act. His overall performance of the legend was similar to that of other students that I interviewed. When telling stories they seemed serious, but by the end their concern was clearly part of the performance. Many students I interviewed told me relatively the same story, and one female student even mentioned receiving an e-mail about it years ago. Unlike other urban legends I have heard, this story did not really change significantly from person to person, perhaps because it is so straightforward. Barbara Mikkelson provided many examples of this warning story, which is usually spread by e-mail or fax. One such example describes the murders as taking place on a certain weekend: â€Å"Gang Initiation Weekend. ( Please Read Very Important!!!) Police officers working with the DARE program has issued this warning: If you are driving after dark and see an on-coming car with no headlights on, DO NOT FLASH YOUR LIGHTS AT THEM! This is a common Bloods gang member initiation game that goes like this: The new gang member under initiation drives along withShow MoreRelatedCollective Behavior Theories1765 Words   |  8 Pagesupbringing. Rumors, urban legends, and myths have all played a major part in the formation of our society. When I was younger, my mother would always be careful not to flash her headlight at anyone who was driving in the opposite direction and didn’t have theirs on. The behavior stemming from this urban legend goes back to the early 1990s when gangs became really popular to talk about. Gangs were a source of fear in many urban neighborhoods. In regards to the aforementioned urban legend: The story wasRead More The Real Men in Black Essay556 Words   |  3 PagesThe Real Men in Black The Men in Black, are they a group employed by the government to cover up knowledge of extra terrestrials, aliens themselves, or merely a modern urban legend started by the mentally unstable. We are unable to answer this, but we will do our best to give you the proper information to have your own opinion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The M.I.B. are said to visit people shortly after an encounter with aliens. Different people say different things about them, but basically they all agreeRead MoreTriumph Launching Event5211 Words   |  21 PagesCustomization – There is an option â€Å"create my Triumph† on the website where you can build your very own Triumph motorcycle. Weaknesses * Undifferentiated products/service - Unlike their rival, BMW, they don’t only make motorcycles, they produce cars as well. This is why BMW is a much better known company because their target market is relatively larger. * Because Triumph refuses to expand their stores into a more commercial environment such as a department store, the chance of attractingRead MoreSecurity Forces51988 Words   |  208 PagesMeasures Communications Fire Control Measures Field Considerations Captives, Detainees, and Prisoners Field Operations Direction and Redirection of Forces Written Measurement #4 Individual Tactics and Techniques Map Reading Skills Land Navigation Convoys Urban Operations Ground Combat Skills PAGE 1 19 59 65 81 88 97 100 103 117 122 138 150 169 186 225 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK SFAC /TECH. TRNG. SG L3ABR3P031 0S1C UNIT 1 DEFENSE CONCEPTS OBJECTIVE 1a Identify the relationship ofRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesof difficulties have also been experienced by the car manufacturer Fiat (see Illustration 1.2). INTRODUCTION 17 Illustration 1.2 Balancing operational and strategic issues With annual sales of more than two million units with over 30 billion euros, the familydominated Fiat Group is the world’s sixth largest manufacturer of cars and trucks. However, between 1990 and 2001, the company’s share of the intensely competitive western European car market drifted from just under 14 per cent to a

Leadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership Essay

Generally, leadership is the art or process of influencing followers and subordinates to achieve the organizational goals. It helps an individuals or a group to identify its goals and assists in achieving the stated goals. Because of importance of leadership all kinds of group action, there are considerable number of researches and theories on leadership and many kinds of leadership styles like Greatman theory, power influence, Trait approach, Behavioral, Situational or Contingency approaches; Below, the Early Behavior Theory of leadership is being described. ï‚ § Behavioral Theories of Leadership: The limitations of trait theory led to significant change in the leadership Approach. In this theory full focus was on the actual behavior and action of leaders instead of their Personal qualities or traits. This theory emphasize on, what the leaders do and how they behave to become effective leaders. According to this theory leadership can be learned oppose to the Great Man and ‘Trait’ theory whereas leadership was believed to be born and inherited. Several attempts have been made to identify the dimensions of leaders behavior. But the most systematic and comprehensive studies in this direction were conducted in U.S.A at ‘ Ohio State University’ and, the University of Michigan during 1945-1947. These are considered to be the most important behavioral studies. ï‚ § Ohio State University: In 1945 the bureau of Business research at Ohio university initiated a series of studies onShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership857 Words   |  4 Pagesproject shows that leadership is defined in many ways. Characteristics of a good leader are questionable. Leadership styles and theories, such as servant leadership, collective leadership, and dictatorship vastly differ but still share similar attributes. 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A Review of Laser Processes Used in Solar Cell Fabrication Free Essays

A Review of Laser Processes Used in Solar Cell Fabrication Abstract There are many different laser techniques that can be used in the production of solar cells. By examining the research which the various solar cells were fabricated with laser technique, it is possible to understand the pros and cons of using laser for produce the cells. The following paragraphs will list which process the laser technique have been used in this review. We will write a custom essay sample on A Review of Laser Processes Used in Solar Cell Fabrication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction The buried contact solar cell was invented at University of New South Wales by Green et al. in 1983. These solar cells have a relatively high efficiency approximately 25% and present a possibility of cost-reduction with applying this technology to the manufacturers’ production lines. The following are the general main steps of forming the buried contact solar cell: 1. Texturing of surfaces 2. Top surface diffusion 3. Oxide growth 4. Groove cutting and diffusion 5. Aluminum deposition and sinter 6. Metal plating 7. Edge isolation The key parts of this process, which result in the cells become more efficiency than the standard screen printing solar cells are the laser grooving and groove diffusion to reduce the cell shading and contact resistance and the texturing which reduce the surface reflection. A schematic of a buried contact solar cell is shown in the figure below (Green 1995). [pic]Figure 1: Cross-section of buried contact solar cell Research continues working on the ways which could further improve the efficiency of the buried contact solar cell. With the statistics obtained from the experiment, they can try to figure out the effects which using different methods and materials in solar cells would cause. These parts include different diffusion profiles to form the p-n junction, surface passivation using different materials, and the different methods of grooving of the silicon, rear surface treatment, metallization and so on. Laser texturing In order to reduce the reflection effect of the solar cells, front surface texturing is one solution. There have many methods to increase the light trapping, such as mechanical scribing and reactive ion etching. However, laser texturing could effectively texture the multicrystalline surface, providing isotropic etching that other techniques cannot do. Abbott and Cotter (2006) revealed that with deeper laser texturing, the less the front surface reflection is. More detailed results are shown in figure 2 (adapted from Abbott and Cotter 2006). Note that with very shallow texturing (10mm), they cannot trapping very well, as a result behaving like the planar one. Figure 2: Front surface reflection of laser textured samples with different ablation pit depths (0) 10mm, (? 20mm, (? ) 30 mm, (*) 40 mm, (x) 50mm with residual slag, (+) planar silicon and (line) random pyramid textured silicon. It is straightforward that we should texturing deeper pit, however, this will increase the surface recombination rate, which is detrimental to solar cells. Even though the pit depths 50mm have the lowest reflection, it will leave some slag in the pits that acting like defects. These residual slags will enhance t he surface recombination rate, reducing the open-circuit voltage as well as the efficiency of the solar cells. Finding better parameters of operation to texture the wafer properly without the appearance of slag is therefore becomes the main issue for the manufacturers. Top Surface diffusion The conventional method for doping materials is the thermal diffusion which performed at high temperature (over 800? ). The process is so-called solid state diffusion and has various methods, for instance physical vapour deposition, to control the doping profiles. Also there is a considerable alternative method of forming doping areas in silicon solar cells by using laser-doping. With the Nd:YAG pulsed laser, the doping profiles can be controlled with the desirable doping area. Ogane et al. (2009) asserted that by using the laser doping technique with 0. 5W output, it can fabricate the solar cells with comparable efficiency to those fabricated by thermal diffusion methods. Some statistics of the result from their research are shown in figure 3 (adapted from Ogane et al. 2009). Note that a large number of the oxygen atoms are induced to the solar cells owing to the operation is in air. This increase the sheet resistance and as a result, reducing the efficiency of the solar cells. The advantages of the laser doping process are that it can be operated at room temperature, in the atmosphere, as well as the easier process forming a selective doping area without any lithography pre-set processes. With these advantages, even though the properties of these solar cells are slightly worse than the cells handled by thermal diffusion, it is acceptable to some manufacturers and worthy to work on it. [pic] Figure 3: The average of six solar cells properties of cells with emitters fabricated by laser doping as a function of laser output power, compared with the case of thermal diffusion (TD). Laser groove The most common device which is used to form the laser grooved front surface contacts is the Nd:YAG pulsed laser, operating at a high frequency. The depth of the laser groove after lasing is typically 30 microns deep and approximately 20 microns wide. During the process, laser will vaporises silicon through the oxidation layer, and this will induced the thermally damaged to silicon. Such this damage will acts as recombination sites of carriers when operating the solar cells, minimised this defect is therefore necessary in order to improve the efficiency of the solar cells. Studies on this part (Schoonderbeek et al. 2007) have revealed that using the shorter wavelength of the laser, i. e. the higher power output can reduce the thermal damage induce by the laser. [pic] Figure 4: Increased lifetime ratios (decreased laser damage) are obtained when scribing lines using short-wavelength lasers. Figure 4 (adapted from Schoonderbeek et al. 2007) above shows that by using lasers with short-wavelength at either 532nm (green) or 355nm (UV) will have better properties in comparison to 1064nm (IR) laser. Nevertheless, the lower cost of the IR laser is more favourable to the manufacturer. Thus the solar cell research of this part is undertaken at institutions and companies in order to find out the better trade-off point. Back surface field and laser-fired contacts The technology which usually used for rear contact passivation in solar cells is that highly doped region near the back contact. This is called back surface field. Normally aluminium is applied to it by evaporation, following by sintering to make aluminium atoms diffuse into the silicon. For reducing the cost per watts generated by solar cell, some different methods were tested for the feasibility analysis. One of the ways for reducing the cost is doping aluminium locally (Meemongkolkiat et al. 2006). It is obviously that doping less metal could reduce the cost, however the efficiency should not be diminish too much. In this process the oxide on the back surface is partially etched prior to aluminium were screen-printed on it. In their research, with choosing the aluminium screen-printing pastes properly (the composition is not provided in their paper), the efficiency of the solar cells are adequately (16%) compared to the normally full back surface field (16. %). Alternatively, aluminium deposition can be applied to the solar cell with the passivated emitter and rear contact, followed by fast scanning laser firing to reduce the rear surface recombination rate as well as improve light trapping. With this so-called laser-fired contact technique, Schneiderlochner et al. (2002, p. 32) demonstrated that the efficiency of the laser-fired contact solar cell can reach up to 21. 3%. Some result s from their research can be seen in figure 5, which are adapted from Schneiderlochner et al. 002. Note that the silicon nitride passivated layer has a lower efficiency maybe due to degradation in passivation quality during laser firing. [pic] Figure 5: The solar cell results with the laser-fired contact technique compared with conventionally processed passivated emitter and rear cells The main advantage of the laser-fired contact is that after possessed a passivating layer and depositing the aluminium, there is only one step needed (laser firing) instead of several processes of photolithography. Hence by using Nd:YAG pulsed laser system for laser-fired contact processing, the cost per watts can be reduced due to less handling steps, as well as the expensive chemicals. Summary There are some different techniques with respect to laser that applied to the fabrication of the solar cells are discussed above. With the laser system applied to the back surface field and laser-fired contacts, the cost can be reduced by using less costly chemicals, whereas shrinking the cost of instruments and operation for the case that laser system induced to the top surface diffusion. The aims of both grooving and texturing using laser technique are improving the properties of the solar cells. The laser system provides the possibilities of reducing the cost per watts without decreasing too many characteristics of the solar cells, which is the most important issue for manufacturers. Therefore, studies focus on these techniques will continue while some of them are already used in fabricating solar cells with other techniques. The ultimate aim of these is make the solar cells as cheap as possible so that public are willing to having it, thus minimizing the environment impact. Reference Abbott, M. and Cotter, J. 006, ‘Optical and electrical properties of laser texturing for high-efficiency solar cells’, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Volume 14, Issue 3, pp. 225-235. Honsberg, C. and Bowden, S. 2009, Buried Contact Solar Cells, Photovoltaics CDROM, accessed 12 September 2009, . Meemongkolkiat, V. ; Nakayashiki, K. ; Dong Seop, K. ; K im, S. ; Shaikh A. ; Kuebelbeck, A. ; Stockum, W. and Rohatgi, A. 2006, ‘Investigation of modified screen-printing Al pastes for local back surface field formation’, Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on, Volume 2, pp. 1338-1341. Nd:YAG laser’, wiki article, 3 July 2009, accessed 14 September 2009, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nd:YAG_laser. Ogane, A. ; Hirata, K. ; Horiuchi, K. ; Nishihara, Y. ; Takahashi, Y. ; Kitiyanan, A. and Fuyuki, T. 2009, ‘Laser-doping technique using ultraviolet laser for shallow doping in crystalline silicon solar cell fabrication’, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 48, Issue 7, pp. 071201. Schneiderlochner, E. ; Preu, R. ; Ludemann, R. and Glunz, S. W. 2002, ‘Laser-fired rear contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells’, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp. 9-34. Schneiderlochner, E. ; Grohe, A. ; Glunz, S. W. ; Preu, R. Willeke, W. 2003, ‘Scanning Nd:YAG laser system for industrially applicable processing in silicon solar cell manufacturing’, Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2003. Proceedings of 3rd World Conference on, Volume 2, pp 1364-1367. Schoonderbeek, A. ; Stute, U. ; Ostendorf, A. ; Grischke, R. ; Engelhart, P. ; Meyer, R. and Brendel, R. 2007, ‘Laser technology in silicon solar cell production’, Proceedings of the 4th International WLT-Conference on Lasers in Manufacturing, pp 693–698. [pic] How to cite A Review of Laser Processes Used in Solar Cell Fabrication, Essays

Depreciation Practice and Public Policymaking

Question: Discuss about the Depreciation Practice and Public Policymaking. Answer: Introduction: Auditing is a process where the auditors of a business take some samples of the financial documents of the business; and then test and verify them so that all the material misstatements can be identified, if any. After that, the auditors give their independent opinion about the audit result of that particular business. This whole process is called the planning and execution of audit program (Glover, Prawitt and Messier 2014). One of the main aspects of the audit program is to find the audit issues that give the necessary direction to the auditors. The auditors need to find out the hidden audit issues from the audit situation; and then, they need to mention it in the audit documents. Hence, it can be said that it is the utmost responsibility of the auditors to find out the audit issues so that they can be documented in the audit files and necessary actions can be taken. The given case study states that City Limited is one of the major property developers Australia. However, the main operation of the company is based in Brisbane. It is mentioned in the case study that an economic downturn is going on the central business district of business in the property development sector. Another reason that is supplying fuel in this economic downturn is the abundance of city office spaces. In this particular case, there is a lot of responsibility of the auditors and the first responsibility of the auditors is to identify the audit issues in the whole situation. Hence, in this regard, the responsibility or the job of the auditors is to conduct a detailed analysis on the total situation and find out the audit issues of the situation. There can be various reasons that lead to the downturn in the property development sector. Some of the reasons can be the high rate of unemployment; the high rate of interest in the home loans; a severe recession period in the econom y of the country; the halt in the rise in the population of the country; slowdown in the foreign investment; the change in the rules and regulations by the government and many others. In this case, the auditors need to find out which of the above reasons are the potential audit issues in the given situation (Seawright 2013). There are various kinds of reasons for which a business or organization considers to buy a new computer set or a new software. One of the basic reasons for the buying of a new computer is to smooth the various business operations of the organization. The given case study says that Web Limited has bought a new computer system for the organization. The company has bought the new system for two reason; they are to make the financial analysis of the company more effective and to improve the quality of management reporting. In this situation, some audit issues need to be identified by the auditor of the organization. The first aspect that the auditors need to consider is to verify the capability of the new computer system. This can be tested by running the new system so that it can be seen the system is assisting in the financial analysis and management reporting. Apart from this, there are various other audit issues that the auditors need to maintain. They are to manage the policies for the new system; to manage the access of the users; to manage the various kinds of security issues relating to the new system; to configure the networks and many others (Holm and Zaman 2012). These audit issues need to be considered by the auditors of Web Limited. Many crucial issues need to be considered at the time of opening a new overseas sales outlet. The provided case study states that Beauty Private Limited has established a new overseas sales outlet. The basic audit issue in this regard is to analyze and evaluate the possibility of profitability of the new outlet. On the other hand, it needs to be made sure that the transfer of the inventories will reduce the lead-time of the business. Reducing the lead-time is an important aspect as it helps to make the business more effective towards their customers. The auditors of the company should analyze that the strategy of free distribution of samples. This strategy needs to be perfect for the success of the business (Prawitt, Sharp, and Wood 2012). The auditors of Beauty Private Limited need consider these audit issues. Audit approach refers to a risk analysis methodology that analyzes the effects of envi0ronment in which they are operating. This is a part of the internal control of an organization. There are two types of audit approach. They are Test of Control Approach and Substantive Approach. Both these approaches cannot be used in the same condition. The nature of the situation demands the choice of the audit approach. These situations are discussed below: Test of Control Approach: Test of control approach is used to analyze the effectiveness of the business control that is used by the client for the prevention and detection of material misstatement in the financial reports of the company. The test of audit approach assists the auditors to decide whether to depend on the test system of control of the client or not. In case the auditors find that the system of control of the client is not effective and weak, then the auditor decides to adopt substantive audit approach that increase the cost of the whole audit program (Johnstone, Gramling and Rittenberg 2013). In the process of test of control approach, the auditors perform two three kinds of operations. They are re-performance, observation and inspection. The auditor does re-performance operation in order to identify the control used by the audit client and their effectiveness. In order to observe the control elements of a business process, the auditors use observation approach. In the inspection stage, the auditors use to test different kinds of documents to verify signatures, stamps and others. Substantive Approach: The auditors adopt substantive audit approach at the time of weak internal control system of the audit client. In substantive approach, the auditors use to test and verify all the business documents of the audited client without depending on the information provided by the management of the organization. The auditors place zero reliance on the control system and information of the audit client (Knechel 2016). In this case, the auditors have to organize a detailed analysis of the various business documents of the organization. This is the situation where substantive audit approach is applied. There are three kinds of risk in auditing. They are inherent risk, control risk and detection risk. Inherent risk is the kind of material misstatement that arises due to errors and omissions. There is not any part of internal control in this kind of risks. Control is the kind of risk that arises due to the lack of control system of the audit entity. Here is not any part of omissions or fraud in it. Detection risk is the kind of risk that arises due to the failure of the auditor to detect the material misstatement in the financial documents (Knight 2012). Based on the above discussion, it can be said that substantive approach is applicable for the inherent risks as this risk arises due to omission and fraud. Test of control approach is applicable for control risk as these kinds of risks arise due to the weakness in the internal control system of the audit client. Lastly, substantive approach will be applicable in case of detection risk, as the auditors need to examine more samples to detect the material misstatement in the financial documents of the organization. Maintaining various aspects of depreciation is lying on the hands of the audit client as depreciation is totally the matter of inter control system of the company. It is the responsibility of the management to set up the depreciation method and the percentage of depreciation. Hence, it can be said that the auditors will use the test of control approach for the accuracy and completeness of depreciation, as the auditors need to test the internal control system of the audit client. However, the auditors can use substantive approach if they think that the internal control system of the client firm is not effective and there is a strong need to adopt the substantive audit approach. It can be happened that there is some kinds of omission or fraud in the value of depreciation at the end of the year. To avoid these kinds of situation, the auditors sometimes use the substantive approach of auditing at the time of making the balance sheet (Drew and Dollery 2015). As discussed earlier, auditing is an important aspect for every business organization. The process of auditing helps to establish clarity in different financial and accounting operations of an organization. On the other hand, one cannot deny the importance of the communication of accounting information in an organization. Accounts is a critical process which helps to keep records of all financial transactions of an organization; it helps to verify the source of every income and expenses of the organization which is essential to the auditors of the organizations. The effective communication of accounting information indicates that the auditors and other relevant persons of the organization have the proper access of all the necessary accounting information. At the various stages of auditing, the auditors need different kinds of accounting information; and for this purpose, the proper communication of accounting information is a must need. There are numerous benefits of the effective co mmunication of accounting information in an organization (Hall 2012). The first benefit is reliability. Different kinds of accounting data and information provide reliability in the audit process as it gives the auditors the necessary direction to continue their jobs. Based on the communicated accounting information, the auditors can detect the material misstatement in the financial and accounting documents of the organization. On the other hand, based on this information, the auditors can judge that whether the material misstatement is due to the lack of internal control of the audit firm or due to any kind of fraud or omission. The second benefit is analytical tool. The communicated accounting information can be used as an effective analytical tool to understand the financial position of the company. The auditors are sometimes instructed to comment on the financial position of the audited firm. In that kind of situation, the auditors have to analyze the business information of the organization that is provided by the accounting communication system. Based on the analysis of the information, the auditors comment on the financial situation of the audit client. The third benefit is that the effective communication of accounting information passively helps the organization too gain the trust of the investors. The investors take the investment decision based on the declaration of the auditors report in the ann ual report of the organization. In the presence of all necessary accounting information, the annual report of the organization reflects the true financial image of the business organization and helps to attract the attention of the investors (Lobo and Zhao 2013). These are the three major benefits of the effective communication of accounting information to the auditors. The companies can implement proper communication of accounting information by some specific ways. One of the ways is the implementation of accounting information system in the organization. The role of accounting information systems is to gather, process, deliver and store all the accounting information in an organization for various parties. It is desired in every organization that the auditors will get all the necessary information from the management to carry on the audit process. Hence, from the above discussion, it is clear that success of the audit process in an organization vastly depends on the delivery of accounting information of that organization. This discussion is a clear evidence of the fact that there is a connection between auditing and the communication of accounting information. References Drew, J. and Dollery, B., 2015. Inconsistent depreciation practice and public policymaking: Local government reform in New South Wales.Australian Accounting Review,25(1), pp.28-37. Glover, S.M., Prawitt, D.F. and Messier, W.F., 2014.Auditing assurance services: a systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Hall, J.A., 2012.Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Holm, C. and Zaman, M., 2012, March. Regulating audit quality: Restoring trust and legitimacy. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 51-61). Elsevier. Johnstone, K., Gramling, A. and Rittenberg, L.E., 2013.Auditing: A Risk-Based Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit. Cengage Learning..Auditing: A Risk-Based Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit. Cengage Learning. Knechel, W.R., 2016. Audit quality and regulation.International Journal of Auditing,20(3), pp.215-223. Knight, F.H., 2012.Risk, uncertainty and profit. Courier Corporation. Lobo, G.J. and Zhao, Y., 2013. Relation between audit effort and financial report misstatements: Evidence from quarterly and annual restatements.The Accounting Review,88(4), pp.1385-1412. Prawitt, D.F., Sharp, N.Y. and Wood, D.A., 2012. Internal Audit Outsourcing and the Risk of Misleading or Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Did Sarbanes?Oxley Get It Wrong?.Contemporary Accounting Research,29(4), pp.1109-1136. Seawright, D.D., 2013. Overcoming internal audit issues with professionalism and integrity.Journal of Business Cases and Applications,7, p.1.

Can Money Buy Happiness free essay sample

However, happiness is one thing that is surely desired by all. Likewise having a lot of money is many a man’s desire. People aspire to have a big house, with a good job and expensive cars, and when they accomplish these wishes, they feel a sense of contentment. Being rich also benefits you in having the best medical care to live a healthy lifestyle, and having the best education to excel academically. Sometimes being rich means less stress, which assures a happier life. If you have a lot of money, you can afford to pay people to do things for you, thereby allowing you to have more time to enjoy life. Money can give you the freedom to pursue your passions. Nevertheless, money is not always good. Sometimes when people have everything, they have nothing to live for. The love of money also drives people to do sinful acts. Money can buy you a bed, but not sleep, in the same way, money can buy you a clock, but not time. We will write a custom essay sample on Can Money Buy Happiness? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All of us have at some point in time or another seen extremely rich, wealthy and famous people unhappier than what we would expect them to be, given the amount of material benefits that they have. If money is all that you love, then that’s what you’ll receive. Money can’t buy you peace of mind. If people are rich, they might live in constant fear of being robbed or assaulted. Some rich people want to achieve a high social status, this may lead to them boasting, which can result in jealousy from friends and family or cause disputes. Materialism also seems to become a major issue. We need to realise that â€Å"The best things in life aren’t things†. For some people, the more they have, the more they want. Money cannot buy you love, so although you may be the richest person, you may still be lonely and unloved. When people are rich, they may find themselves surrounded with many friends and family, but if that same person were to lose everything, there is a good chance that he will be left with no one around him. If people who are rich help the poor and homeless, they can feel pleased seeing the smiles on the faces of the destitute. Some individuals who feel that money is everything would work for countless hours and have little to no sleep, just so that they can earn a lot of money. But if we consider the sacrifices: no sleep, no leisure time, no time with family, etcetera, spending all our time working just makes one more saddened and stressed. Many people spend their whole life collecting material wealth, but when they die they leave everything behind. We should live our life trying to store up treasures in heaven so that when we die, we could await our reward in eternity. We need to ask ourselves which is more valuable, money or happiness. However when we compare the benefits of being rich or being happy, we can clearly see that happiness is a far greater treasure than silver or gold. [616 words]

Salvador DAli on Surrelism essays

Salvador DAli on Surrelism essays Requirements for Mental Health Technician (MHT) 1. Must take post test after each video b. Intoxication 2. Read assigned books Chapter assigned are as follows 1,2,3,4,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,(25-33) 3. Verbal discussion with a Registered Nurse (RN) Scheduled Classroom lecture with Instructor (You will be notified of Classroom Lectures) 4. Mandatory Quiz after each video (Mandatory Test after curriculum) Every student will be notified on externship hours which they will need to grasp the social and verbal concepts. ( These are the topics that you will need to familiarize yourself with) Intake and Referral Services 24 hr. mental health crisis line Crisis Intervention Delegate Forensic/Mental Health Services to county jail and court system Mental Health Assessments and Recommendations Community Outreach Care Worker - Farrell/Wheatland Psychological, Psychiatric, Social Family Based Mental Health School Based Mental Health Partial Hospitalization (adult and adolescent) Family Support for the Mentally Retarded In-Patient Psychiatric Serv. (adult/adolescents) Community Residential Services (CRR + CLA) Community Services (public educa ...

Signifier of Victorian Architecture Annotated Bibliography

Signifier of Victorian Architecture - Annotated Bibliography Example The architecture was like that so that it could fit with the period and all that was going on at that time. This architecture applied to almost all the buildings from that time. Some people maintained older architectures. The Victorian architectures have several readable meanings because the forgotten convictions, monuments, and architectural style show the religious and cultural aspect (Crimson 5). The forgotten convictions, monuments, and the architectural style show that there has been a transformation over the years probably due to interaction with other cultures and architectures from all over the world that have influenced the current architecture. The source is valid as Crimson presents pieces of evidence that support his arguments fully. For example, he gives sufficient evidence to support his claim by showing the cultural exchanges that influenced the Victorian architecture. The pieces of evidence presented by the author are objective research and not personal narrations. Moreover, Mark Crinson is a professor of Art History at Manchester University. This book is relevant to my topic as it addresses the qualities of the Victorian architecture that have a meaning. The book’s conclusion on the Victorian architecture is applicable to my subject area because the book succeeds in showing that religious and political agendas and the racial theory were responsible for guiding the architects during the Victorian era. The book’s targeted audience is any individual who is interested in learning about how the Western architecture has changed over time and what has been its major influence and in turn how it has influenced the architectures in other continents especially the architecture and history students. The book develops my research by providing a lot of information on the changes that have occurred from the Victorian era.

The Argument for Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Argument for Gay Marriage - Essay Example This paper highlights that many wars are being fought which render more dead bodies than politically favorable results. The concept of two individuals choosing to solidify their commitment to one another, seems not only valid but also, refreshing considering all the hate that occupies the human race. Further more, any type of government should never be permitted to dictate whom should or should not be permitted to marry whom. Considering that the term â€Å"human rights† implies an entire species as opposed to certain facets of a species, there is no way that one group of individuals should be permitted to socially exclude another group of individuals from sharing in rights that should be afforded to all humans equally without regard to sex, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation or economic means. The very same argument which states that gays should not be allowed to be married, is virtually synonymous with the one used by white supremacists in the time of slavery and segreg ation, to maintain the institution of slavery. During the time of slavery in America, African American s were not permitted to vote, own land, patronize establishments or hold public office. It was stated during these times that blacks were â€Å"not white† or were lesser people than those who were white. This is no different from the ideology behind â€Å"protecting the sanctity of marriage† which is perpetuated by the conservative republican party. The only difference is that heterosexuality is considered the â€Å"norm† while homosexuality is considered to be a lesser condition of human sexuality. This is just another way of socially isolating a group of individuals and thereby limiting the rights of said individuals. There is no moral grounds for this and any argument which claims to establish such grounds, is an obtuse attempt at superiority and dominance over other human beings.

How did John Dewey influence on childrens learning

How did John Dewey influence on childrens learning Cambodia was known as Khmer Kingdom, which was one of the most powerful states in South East Asia. (Ayres, 2000, p.1). However, Cambodia has shrunk and deteriorated since the collapse of Khmer Empire. (Duggan, 1996, p.363) The civil war has jeopardized the social and economic development of Cambodia. Most of the social structures and rural infrastructures were completely destroyed during Khmer Rouge, especially in the educational sector, which is one of the most important for developing the country. The education system has changed dramatically since the French colony from 1968 to 1953, in which education started in the pagodas combined modern and traditional pattern a small group of children entered the French school system. ( Duggan, 1996, p.363). Cambodia was granted full independence in 1953 (Ibid). Therefore, Prince Sihanouk was very interested in educational sector, and he decided to adopt 20 percent of the national budget in order to expand the educational system in Cambodia, however, his decision was bitterly criticized by other people for not providing the educational equity, because the rural children did not receive any educational system from the Prince. He just mainly focused on the urban children. (Duggan, 1996, p.364) Lon Nol came to power in 1970, he started cambodianizing by encouraging students to participate in fighting against the national enemy [Vietnamese]. Most of the students were involved in the army, so they were not able to attend schools, and there were not enough teaching materials for the teachers in the classrooms.(Ayres, 2000, pp.76-80) April 17, 1975 Khmer Rouge took control of Phnom Penh and abolished all social structures and some schools were eradicated and others were changed into prisons, workshops, etc., Children were not allowed to study. A Ministry of Education really existed, but did not work actively and there were several textbooks were produced to guide teachers (Ayres, 2000, pp. 109-110). Moreover, Ayres (2000) wrote that the educational crisis in Cambodia between March 1970 and April 1975 was a function of the material and human destruction generated by a nation at war. (p.68) This research will focus on the following questions: 1. What are some of the current problems in education in Cambodia? 2. What is the role of the teacher and methods of instruction in Cambodia? 3. What is John Deweys perspective on the role of the teacher and methods of instruction? 4. What contributions Deweys would be useful in developing the role of the teacher and methods of instruction in Cambodia? 1. The current issues in education in Cambodia. The new government was elected under the supervision and support of the United Nations (UN) which assisted in running a free and fair election in Cambodia in 1993. The democracy and free market have been exercised in Cambodia since then. The foreign investors and international organizations, namely the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF), the World Bank (WB) and other Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) began to operate their projects in educational sector in Cambodia. (Duggan 1996, p.362). Although there have been considerable changes recently, the educational system has not reached an international goals by 2015 yet, because the number of drop-out and repetition in primary school is still high. The repetition rates in primary dropped from 26.3 percent to 10.2 percent between 1998 and 2005. In addition, drop-out rates in primary school is less than in secondary school. (MoEYS, 2008, p.8) Noticeably, the quality of education service provided for both in primary and lower secondary levels is still in a bad condition caused by the lack of resources, poorly-trained teachers and principalspoor controlling system, teaching and learning materials and irresponsibility from the district and provincial principals.(World Bank, 2008, p.11) Furthermore, the survey which was conducted by the CSES in 2004, based on the question What are the major problems with schooling in this village? reported that there were three main problems: The living standard of teachers which means that teachers salary is still low that cannot afford to buy anything. Poor infrastructure because the schools are in a bad condition. For example, there are not enough chairs and tables for the students to sit and learn. The location of the schools is not close enough for the students to walk from their home. The collected data provided by EMIS in 2004 detailed that 69 percent of primary school teachers had received a degree from lower secondary school (grade 9), and there was only 7 percent of the teachers who finished the primary school. Besides, there was 24 percent of primary teachers had completed the upper secondary school. (MoEYS, 2008, p. 20) Therefore, the quality of education in Cambodia needs improving. Thus the Royal Government of Cambodia has expanded national budget from 0.9 percent in 1997 to 1.5 percent in 2006. (MoEYS World Bank. June 2008, p.59) .Also, the government has promised to increase salary for all teachers from 15 percent to 20 percent every year. (MoEYS World Bank: June 2008, pp.59-62) 2.1. The role of the teacher in Cambodia The students learning progress is mainly based on the teachers performance in the classroom. Thus the teacher act as the model or sample for the students to acquire knowledge, and teachers must be committed to time and efforts in order to instruct and motivate students to achieve their learning objectives. Teachers have to spend more time beside the office working hour to prepare lesson plans, correct homework and give a social and friendly atmosphere to the students in the classroom in order to develop their learning ability. (World Bank, 2008, p.71) 2.2. The methods of instruction in Cambodia The traditional teaching style, was totally based on the teacher frontal and rote learning, has applied in the Cambodian classroom for many years. But in 2005, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MoEYS) accepted the new educational theory, which has applied in European and American classrooms, The Principles of Child Friendly Schooling and exercised it Cambodia. These principles are very useful for Cambodian students because it focuses on the childs freedom, which creates a social and friendly environment for the pupils to do a variety of activities in the classrooms. Moreover, it really helps students learn things through their own experiences. (MoEYS World Bank. June, 2008, pp. 71-72) On the other hand, in 2002 the Government of Cambodia passed a new law related Early Childhood Education and Care (ECCE). This law focuses on the child who aged 3 to 8. There are three categories of the programs: First, the Royal Government of Cambodia is responsible for controlling pre-school program. Second, the responsibility comes from the community and the last one is the parents responsibility. The main purpose of the program is to develop not only the childrens mind but also the physical body and the program is under the Department of Early Childhood Education, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. (UNESCO, 2006. pp.5-6) 3. What is John Deweys perspective on the role of the teacher and methods of instruction? The man who has changed the educational system from traditional style (authoritarian classroom) to modern style (democratic classroom) is John Dewey. He was known as American psychologist, philosopher, practical teacher and educational reformer, was born in Burlington, New England, Vermont in 1859 and died in 1952. He finished Bachelor degree in 1879 at Vermont University, continued his study in philosophy for a year and received PhD from Hopkins University. (Taneja. V.R. 2010, p.136). Moreover, he worked as a high school teacher at a remote areas in Pennsylvania. He was so curious in philosophy, so he started writing his philosophical essay called Medical physical Assumption of Materialism. (Allen. C. 2005, Track: 139) Beside teaching, Dewey opened his own school University Elementary School. The most important idea of opening this school was to continue to research and experience in new ideas and methods. The children who were under 15 years are permitted to register, and teachers must have many years experience in teaching and the classes are not big, and there are around 10 pupils provided for each teacher. This school was to engage the pupils in social experience. For example, pupils learned how to cook, sew, and weave.(Taneja, 2010, p.p.136-137) Role of the teacher of Dewey For Dewey, the role of the teacher play vitally important role. A Deweyan teacher should be (encourage?) involved in the childs driving force and interests rather than the inculcation of knowledge (fixing ideas in mind by repetition). Moreover, the role of the teacher is to pave the way for the students to experience the consequences in the real world. The other role is to assist the pupils in dealing with contemporary conditions and experiences and activities they have to confront daily. Childs freedom is the most significant of all. However, teachers role is to regulate and organize it well. The teacher should be aware of his own responsibilities and power to instruct the children to acquire the skill and knowledge. In order to save time by not exercising chalk and talk, teacher have to observe, plan and encourage students to learn. Deweyan teachers take a huge responsibility and big chance to provide the pupils with both in democratic co-operation and the higher intellectual pursuits and the fullest aesthetic experience. (Taneja, 2010, pp.150-152) Methods instruction of Dewey According to Dewey, curriculum is not based upon fixed human knowledge, subdivided logically into subjects, and parts of subjects. The curriculum should set up round the childs activities and not subjects. Dewey refused to offer religious and moral education through lessons, but he chose to offer the practical experience. ((Taneja, 2010. p.p.150-152) His contribution and influence Deweys curriculum and methods of teaching have applied not only in the American classrooms but also in the worlds classroom including Cambodia. Dewey had changed the traditional education system into democratic education system by accepting child-centered, which focused attentively on the freedom of the child in the classroom. Conclusion After Khmer Rouge collapsed in January 7, 1979, the new government was installed by the Vietnamese government. Educational system was being restored. However, the Phnom Penh government has estimated that 75 percent of teachers, 96 percent of University students and 67 percent of all primary and secondary school students were murdered. (Beveniste, World Bank, 2008.p.8) Ayres, (200) wrote that in 1979, education was in a severe crisis because there were no settled administrative offices no curricular, teaching materials were not enough and teaching staff is not qualified. Mr. Chan Ven was appointed as the Minister of Education, Youth and Sports with a team of Vietnamese advisers to plan the rehabilitation of Cambodian educational system. Vietnamese government started supporting both the provincial and national levels. Therefore, the Vietnamese was able to hire teachers which were virtually picked up from the streets and village pathway. ( p p.128-130) According to Duggan (1996) in Phnom Penh itself, there were three Vietnamese advisers for every Cambodian official, ten Vietnamese soldiers for every Cambodian one. (p.366) The number of schools has increased rapidly since the 1980s, however, the government of Phnom Penh still faces the big problems running proper educational system because most of teachers are not well-trained and school curricular is not standardized. For instance, farmers, artisans and menial workers were chosen to teachers. Therefore, the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports and other international organizations (UNESCO, UNICEF and World Bank) have worked co-operatively to develop the educational sector in order to achieve the Cambodian Millennium Development Goals (CMDG). Moreover, in 2005 Ministry of Education developed national plan of action to reach the goals of educational for all (EFA) by 2015 to ensure that Cambodian children and youths have an equal opportunity to access education. (pp.6-8) In 2004, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports accepted a new program which is called Child Friendly Schools program focused on primary level.(Ibid) This educational theory might have been affected by the American educational reformer Dewey because his teaching methods and the role of the teacher is to facilitate and motivate the pupils to learn new things through their own freedom and experience. Statement Name: YIM SOPHEAK Date: January 31, 2011 I prepared the following assignment by myself and only with the help of the literature mentioned in the references. I did not use other literature to write my assignment. I know that plagiarism is a serious offence and I am totally aware of the negative consequences. Signature: YIM SOPHEAK

Human Anatomy and Physiology Essay

Abstract On October 1, 2014, a 56 year old man, Mr. Brown, came in for his follow-up appointment to talk about his cholesterol panel. Mr. Brown’s cholesterol levels are not within healthy standards and he needs to change his life style before his health diminishes. Mr. Brown likes to eat and hates to exercise. I am going to show him his cholesterol levels so that he can see what he is doing to his body. If he does not get his cholesterol levels where they need to be his arteries might get so clogged up that he could have a heart attack or stroke. He needs to do some preventive medicine on his own with a little help from me and my staff. Hello Mr. Brown thank you for coming back for your follow up on your test results. My name is Laura Bramlett and I am the Physician Assistant (PA) that will be going over your tests results. First I would like to give you some good news. Your Triglycerides is at 145 mg which is a normal range. Triglycerides are fats, oils, and waxes known as Lipids that are in your body and their functions are energy storage, insulation, and protection. Now your cholesterol on the other hand are in a dangerous bad area. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in the body cells to make hormones, vitamin D and substances that help you digest foods (NIH). Your overall cholesterol level is 210 mg/dl which is border line high and your Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) and High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) are just as high. Lipoproteins is made up of protein and lipids. In reference to your LDL and your HDL they are out of control and I am here to help you get them under control. Your LDL is 160 mg/dl which is high and we need to get it down to the normal range of 100 – 129 mg and your HDL is 33 mg/dl which is a poor level and needs to be 60mg/dl or higher to be at its best levels. (Mayo) What is LDL and HDL? Mr. Brown LDL is known as bad cholesterol and could lead to a buildup of cholesterols in your arteries if we do not get it under control. HDL is known as good cholesterol and it carries and collects the cholesterol from all over your body and sends it to the liver and the liver will remove the choleste rol from your body. Cholesterol is produced in the liver and small  amounts of it is produced in the small intestine and individual cells and the causes of high cholesterol are as follows: is a person who is a smoker, is obese, has a poor diet with lack of exercise and a possible diabetic. (NIH) Mr. Brown, our records show that you smoke and are obese for your age and height. We need to get your good (HDL) and bad (LDL) cholesterol under control before it is too late and you have a heart attack or stroke. Reducing your high cholesterol is manageable and treatable, we just need you to commit on eating right and healthy so that you can lose some of your weight. I know you do not like to exercise but if you can just walk around the block or walk 30 min a day to start off with it will jump start everything to a better health. There is medication that I can give you however, I would like for you start off exercising and eating right to lower your cholesterol before we resort to medication. One of the medications that I would have you take is called Crestor and it will help lower your LDL or bad cholesterol and increase your HDL or good cholesterol. However, like most medications Crestor does have some side effects. You could experience muscle pain or weakness, feel unusually tired or have a fever, and have  headaches or abdominal pain. Sir, if you have any of these symptoms I need you to come back in so we can see what is going on. Once I give you your medication I still need you to exercise, at least walk, for 15 – 30 min a day. Mr. Brown, it is better for you to exercise and eat right before we add Crestor to your diet. Because of the side effects that the medication gives I believe we should try everything else before adding something that is at risk to you and your health. Mr. Brown I know that you might be unwilling to change your life style but take your family into consideration. If you do not get your health, especially your cholesterol under control you might end up in the emergency room and not only will you be suffering but so will your family. I know that I have said it before but I really need you to consider walking and exercising to get your Cholesterol down before we think about giving you the Crestor. The Gwinnett Medical Hospital, my staff, and I are here for you to help with any concerns or fears you might have to jump start your healthy life style. I assure you that if you start to walk during halftime of your football games or even during your games it will make a difference in your life. Here are some pamphlets I would like for you to read about Cholesterol and what it can do to your body. Focus on small accomplishments first and then we can set up some larger goals and accomplishments. Now if you have any more question or concerns ab out your health, after you leave here, please give us a call immediately. References Griffin, Morgan R., Cholesterol and Triglycerides Health Center, High Cholesterol Treatment – What Works? WebMD retrieve from http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/features/high-cholesterol-treatme nt-what-works Mayo Clinic, Diseases and Conditions, High cholesterol, Cholesterol levels: What numbers should you aim for? Retrieve from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol-levels/art-20048245 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, What is Chlosterol? Retrieve from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/ Tortora, G. J. and Derrickson, B. (2014), Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Hoboken, NJ. Wiley & Son Inc.,

My Proof of Theism

Introduction to Philosophy 200 Spring 2008 My Proof of Theism Jenny Wiggins In this essay, I plan to give proofs that defendtraditional theism. Traditional theism is defined by E. K. Daniel in his essay, A Defense of Theism, as: â€Å"there exists a being, God, who has all of the following attributes: God is omnipotent (all powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), supremely good (omnibenevolent), infinite, eternal, a being who possesses all perfections, transcendent to the natural universe, but the creator of the universe (Daniel, p. 259). † I find it ironic to prove theism in philosophy class. Even Greek philosophers believe in a higher power. The question that is not always agreed upon is which or what higher power to believe? That being said, since there are views that refute theism, I will also take some of these arguments and try to find their weakness. The first classical argument that I will put forth to argue the existence of God is the first cause argument also known as the cosmological argument. This argument simply says that everything has a cause, so if we proceed backwards to find every cause,we would never be able to stop. This is unintelligible. For one to think about it rationally there must be a first cause, a cause that in itself is uncaused. This uncaused being we will call God. Therefore, God exists. The first cause argument proposes that the universe is finite, which means it is limited, and to think of it as infinite would be unintelligible. It also says that the universe is contingent, by stating that each thing in it has a cause. Since the universe could not have caused itself, there must something uncaused that caused the universe. Daniel reformulates the first cause (cosmological) argument this way: P1: Everything in the universe is finite. P2: Whatever is finite is limited. P3: Hence, whatever is limited cannot be the cause of its own existence. P4: Everything in the universe is contingent. P5: Whatever is contingent is dependent on something else for its existence. P6: Hence, whatever is contingent cannot be the cause of its own existence. P7: The totality of things making up the universe is also finite and contingent. P8: Thus, the totality (universe) must also have a cause for its existence. P9: Since it cannot be the cause of its own existence, the cause must be something external to the universe. P10: That is, since the universe cannot contain the reason for its existence within itself, the reason for its existence must be something external to it. P11: Hence, there must exist an infinite and self-subsistent (non-contingent) being who is the cause of the universe. P12: Unlike that which is finite and contingent, such a being must exist necessarily. P13: Such a being is commonly called God. Conclusion: Therefore, there exists an infinite, necessary, and uncaused cause – God (Daniel, p. 68). A question to this argument may be: Do the attributes of finite and contingent, referring to the universe, necessarily need an uncaused being to have created its existence? The very definitions of finite and contingent rationally conclude, yes. If the claim that an infinite sequence of causes was untrue the universe would possibly not exist at all, because if even one of those causes were taken out all succeeding causes would cease to exist. I would also like to take a look at another classical argument which is the design argument also known as the teleological argument. The design argument says that the universe is created in such a way that everything is designed and adapted for a purpose (Daniel, p. 261). The fact that the universe and everything in it seems to be put there in an orderly fashion with things working together in order to give purpose and produce a means to an end, suggests that there was a maker. Consider my argument in defense of the teleological argument below: P1: If we examine an automobile of any kind, we can see that each part has a purpose and design. P2: We can also see that there is an order and complexity. P3: We find that the parts are arranged in such a way that they will operate together in order for us to drive the automobile. P4: This is certainly evidence of rationality and design. Conclusion: Hence, there exists a rational being that designed and brought the automobile into being. Daniel defends the teleological argument by reformulating it in this way: P1: Look out at the universe and the things within it. P2: The universe also shows evidence of design and purpose. P3: We detect orderliness and intricacy. P4: More importantly, we find purposiveness: a marvelous adaptation of means to ends. P5: An example of such purposeful adaptation is the existence of two sexes for the end of procreation or the structure of the eye for the end of seeing. P6: All this is also evidence of rationality and design. P7: Hence, there must exist a rational being who designed and brought the universe into existence. Conclusion: That is, there must exist a Cosmic Designer –God (Daniel, 269). An objection to the teleological argument could be: This earth is not well made; there are plenty of things that do not have adaptation of means to ends. An explanation for this is even though it seems that something does not have purpose for one reason or another it does, but we cannot understand it. Yet another objection may be can we hypothesize that in order to have something of an intricate design that there had to be an intelligent maker? The answer would be yes because a designer cannot make something intelligent by not being so himself. Last but not least I would like to look at the moral argument. This argument states that people have a sense of moral obligation, a feeling to do what is good and right, coming from outside of them. There is no explanation for the sense of completemoral obligation that a person feels other than there is a moral law giver transcendent of the universe. Therefore, such a moral law giver, God, must exist. Human needs and behavior do not explain the complete sense of obligation to do what is right or moral (Daniel, p. 261). Take for example the missionaries sense of obligation to do whatever is in their power humanly and spiritually to help others that they do not even know. The missionaries may possibly risk their very own lives by entering a violent situation just by feeling a complete moral obligation to do so. Another example may be of parents that forgive a murderer who has murdered their only child and they are unable to conceive a new child. These instances are examples of the moral argument. Our doing of good works and deeds by complete moral obligation that is felt to come from outside of ourselves at the forfeit of our own happiness makes no sense unless there is something outside of this universe that compels us to do so, I believe that that compelling force is God. An objection to the moral argument would be: Couldn’t our parents have simply brought us up to do what is morally right? It is not a sense in that one can be taught but a complete sense that will not fail. The decision we make may go against what we are taught as children. I will now take a look at the problem of evil which is most frequently used in the argument against theism. In H. J. McCloskey’s essay, God and Evil, he states the problem in this way, â€Å"Evil is a problem for the theist in that a contradiction is involved in the fact of evil on the one hand, and the belief in the omnipotence and perfection of God on the other. God cannot be both all-powerful and perfectly good if evil is real. † An argument can be formulated to disprove the existence of God in the following way: P1: God is a being that is both all-powerful and perfectly good. P2: An all-powerful being could eliminate all evil. P3: A perfectly good being would eliminate all the evil it has the power to eliminate. P4: Evil exists in the world. P5: Therefore, there is no being that is both all-powerful and perfectly good (McCloskey, p. 328). An argument that would refute the problem of evil is as follows: P1: Evil is necessary to appreciate goodness. P2: Evil is unreal. P3: Evil is necessary for the goodness of the world. The world is made better by the evil in it. P4: Evil is not due to God but to man’s misuse of the free will that God gave him (McCloskey & Hick, 332 &347). With regards to the latter of these two arguments one might think of the analogy of having something that you think is not good, losing it, and then realizing that what you hadwasn’t so bad in the first place. Most people learn lessons from the hardships that they face in life and go on to live an even better life. Man does not always make the most rational decisions in his life and those bad decisions usually have consequences. This is no evidence that there is not an all-powerful and perfectly good God. K. D. Ellis refutes theism in his essay, Why I Am an Agnostic, on the grounds that there are no good reasons, meaning no reliable empirical evidence or sound rational arguments, to believe that there is a God (Ellis, p. 296). He suggests that the classical arguments that are stated in Daniel’s essay, â€Å"may offer some support for the plausibility of the belief in a god, but they are not sufficiently strong enough to compel our assent to the conclusion that a god exists. † He also says that there is no knowledge in the statement, God exists (Ellis, p. 297). However, Ellis also refutes atheism because of the philosophical atheist’s main arguments flaw which is as follows: P1: There is no good reason for anyone to believe that God exists. Conclusion: Therefore, God does not exist. This way of arguing is an argument of ignorance. To say I know what you mean by the ideal of God as a transcendent entity, but, he does not exist. This argumentis fallacious. This is Ellis’ reason for refuting atheism (Ellis, p. 298). Ellis instead makes his stand with agnosticism, because there are no good arguments for God’s existence or refuting God’s existence. Both claims cannot be trueas he states, â€Å"I have tried to show that we cannot know which is true. † Therefore, he takes the position of traditional agnosticism (Ellis, p. 301).

Resons To Stop Water Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 892 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Water Pollutions Essay Did you like this example? Unsafe water kills more people each year than war and all other forms of violence. Water pollution has become a very big issue in countries all over the globe. Water is definitely the most valuable resource, but when it becomes contaminated, it is not only useless, but dangerous as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Resons To Stop Water Pollution" essay for you Create order Water pollution is defined as the addition of harmful chemicals to natural water. According to the World Health Organization, millions of people die each year due to the consumption of contaminated water (Denchak, 2). Although the Earth is made up of about 70 percent water, only about three percent is freshwater and is drinkable. This is already a very small amount and is continuing to fall. Water pollution is very harmful and must come to a stop because it is detrimental to aquatic ecosystems, leads to poor water quality, and causes diseases. Animals that many people adore such as dolphins, whales, and sea otters are falling rapidly due to the poor quality of the water they live in. Dangerous chemicals such as copper, lead, and arsenic from factories seep into rivers, lakes, oceans, and even our tap water (Denchak, 3). Over a 100,000 sea mammals are killed each year due to the poor quality of their ecosystems. This number continues to increase at an exponential rate each year. According to the EPA, approximately 80 percent of the worlds wastewater is dumped back into the environment. When this happens, the chemicals seep into the water and are consumed by small fish. These fish are then eaten by larger fish, and the chain goes on until even the whales are affected. This ultimately leads to the death of all these poor animals that are affected by humans. This cycle will continue to happen and lead to more death until proper action is taken to protect the aquatic ecosystems. Another reason why water pollution must stop is because it leads to poor water quality. An excess of sewage is one of the major problems. With billions of people on this planet, most of the sewage just gets disposed back into the lakes, rivers, and oceans untreated, as many treatment facilities are not able to keep up. Another cause is chemicals such as nitrogen and phosphorus that are released from factories. These chemicals end up in the groundwater and spread the pollution to other bodies of water. Because of these reasons, over half a billion people do not have access to clean drinking water (World Health Organization). Studies performed by the World Health Organization displayed that this number is on the rise as the population continues to increase and very few solutions have rose to tackle this issue. One might object that the exposure of nitrogen and phosphorus is good for the water as it promotes the growth of algae. Algae is an important resource for many ecosystems as it i s usually the main food source for many sea mammals. It is said to produce an estimated 70 to 80 percent of the oxygen humans breathe (Spalding, 6). However, when these chemicals are exposed, it results in an algal bloom, which makes the amount of algae grow exponentially and blocks out sunlight from entering the water. The blocked out sunlight causes the oxygen level within the water to decrease and makes the ph level rise. This makes the environment very dangerous for the animals that live there and deteriorates the water quality. The final reason is that water pollution leads to life threatening diseases to humans. Diseases such as lead poisoning, typhoid, dysentery, and hepatitis. Waterborne diseases cause close to 3.5 million deaths every year, and the majority of these are children (CDC). Drinking contaminated water is not the only way these diseases are contracted. They can occur through the consumption of seafood that may have been in contaminated water previously. Chemicals such as lead and arsenic are present in most contaminated waters and can lead to many permanent problems if consumed. These diseases could very well be considered man made as factories continue to disregard the damage that is being caused and do not act towards the issue. While many are privileged enough to have access to clean water whenever, there are people who not as lucky. They continue to die due to issues that have can be resolved if action were taken. Similarly, in the book Night by Elie Wiesel, it talks about the poor sanita tion in the camps. There was not much access to water and when there was, it would be avoided because it was very dirty and could do more harm (Wiesel). The factories in the camps all had harmful chemicals that the Jewish people were exposed to and the waste just flowed out into the bay, polluting the water and affected the life in it (Hoyt, 4). This was over 70 years ago, yet water pollution continues to be a problem even today. To reiterate, water pollution must be come to an end as it is harmful to aquatic ecosystems, causes bad water quality, and threatening diseases. It is a major problem that has been around for decades and causes harm to humans as well as animals. Too many people have struggled and lost their lives because of this. I strongly urge you all to take all of this into account and think hard about what you can do to fight against water pollution and make this Earth a better place.